PTOLEMAIC.NET

Coins of the Ancient Egyptians - Ptolemaic Dynasty: 323 to 30 BC

 

What is the significance of the two eagles on many Ptolemaic bronze coins?

Click HERE for a review of the relationship
of Ptolemaic two-eagle coinage with co-regency

or go directly to
Two Eagles on Ptolemaic Coins
as Representations of Co-Regency

at

This website gives a convincing answer to the question   "Why did the Ptolemaic mint place the image of two eagles on so many of its bronze coins?"

at

Based on countermarks, coin types and coin hoards, this website corrects a recently published faulty attribution for coins of Ptolemy VI.

 

at

This website shows that two types of Cypriot bronze coins frequently attributed to Ptolemy XII (80-51 BC) were clearly issued by his daughter Cleopatra VII and her co-regent Caesarion (44-30 BC).

at

This bronze coin, with an obverse female head showing corkscrew locks, a wreath of barley, and the legend QUEEN CLEOPATRA, represents Cleopatra I (180-176 BC) as Isis.

Click on the box (LEFT) to see that the denominations
of Ptolemy VI are not indicated by obverse and/or reverse types.
Denominations of bronze coins in the second century
were determined by weight and corresponding size.

Are there Denominational Indicators on Ptolemaic Bronze Coins?

at

www.ptolemaic.net/denominations

Click ABOVE to see the answer to this question.

This review of the bronze coins of Ptolemies II, III, IV, V and VI shows that the Ptolemaic mint did not have a policy of denominational marking. As in the third century, denominational indication was by weight/size.

at

An analysis of weight/size data shows that there are serious flaws in a recently presented chronology for 2nd century bronze coinage.
     

Some of the specific topics presented in this website

  Two-eagle Index      Coinex Index      Cleopatra VII Index   

 

FROM THE TWO-EAGLES WEBSITE (www.ptolemaic.net/two-eagles)

 

 

Two different hypotheses (co-regency or denomination markings) for the symbolism of two eagles on Ptolemaic bronze coins

The first two-eagle coins:  The denominations of early Ptolemaic bronze coins - Ptolemy II, also see the next link

Bronze coins of Ptolemy II illustrated;  with comparisons of denominations, similarities and differences

 

The denominations of early Ptolemaic bronze coins - Ptolemy III, also see the next link

Bronze coins of Ptolemy III illustrated;  with comparisons of denominations, similarities and differences

 

Table showing that the various coin types of Ptolemy III do not have any denominational markings, also see the links on the next two lines

G. Le Rider and F. de Callata˙'s view that bronze coins of Ptolemy II and later kings have denominational markings, also see the next link

Review evidence that bronze coins of Ptolemy II and later kings do not have denominational markings

 

Coin weights show M. Price's suggestion that two eagles indicate a diobol is very unlikely, also see the next link 

Hoard data shows that two eagles were not denominational markers

 

Are there six or eight denominations of Ptolemy II's bronze coins? also see the next link 

G. Le Rider and F. de Callata˙'s view that there are six denominations

 

Ptolemy VI's bronze coins: Do two-eagles represent a double denomination on any of the coins? also see the next link 

New data shows the assumption that two-eagles indicate a double denomination is not valid

 

Sub-index for corrections to the literature

Summary of evidence that the symbol of two eagles on Ptolemaic bronze coins is not a denomination mark

Reviewing representative examples of two-eagle Ptolemaic coinage

Reviewing co-regencies and the historical correlation with production of two-eagle coinage

Additional evidence from other coins and from a test of the two-eagle hypothesis

Summary of the www.ptolemaic.net/two-eagles website

How to download, read, and print a manuscript on this subject

Acknowledgements

    Move to top      Two-eagle Index      Coinex Index      Cleopatra VII Index   

 

FROM THE 'COINEX' WEBSITE (www.ptolemaic.net/coinex)

 

 

Some difficulties in determining the date of Ptolemaic coins,  examples of solutions to the dating problems

The generally expected distribution of dates for coins in hoards and an illustration of the distribution for the Coinex hoard

Contents of the Coinex hoard (with illustrated examples)

The shift in date caused by the countermarking of earlier coins with examples from the Coinex hoard

Two different methods for analysis of the Coinex hoard

   The date of a monetary reform is determined from the known date of countermarked coins in the hoard

   Attributions by M. Thompson and M. J. Price help to attribute the later coins in the Coinex hoard

An incorrect method used to determine the closing date of the Coinex hoard

   An incorrect method of attribution ignored the date known for the countermarking

   An incorrect attribution treated pre-reform coins as if they had not been re-issued by a monetary reform

Comments on the two different methods of hoard analysis

How to download, read, and print a manuscript on this subject

Acknowledgements

 

FROM THE CLEOPATRA VII and CAESARION WEBSITE (www.ptolemaic.net/cleopatra)

 

 

Introduction to two Cypriot bronze coins of Cleopatra VII and her son Caesarion

Two types of bronze coins:  Special attention to marks that help in their attribution

The method used by Svoronos to attribute the two coins,  the rotated monogram and the Isis symbol

Probable origin of erroneous attributions for two Cypriot coins of Cleopatra

Regling's correction of Svoronos' tetradrachm attribution

The four types of Cypriot bronze coins produced by Cleopatra/Caesarion

Summary of this website and information on reading or obtaining the manuscript

Acknowledgements

 

    Move to top      Two-eagle Index      Coinex Index      Cleopatra VII Index   

 

at

at

at

 

at

at

 

at